Overview

The purpose of this research is to understand how the function of the human pancreas changes during and after pregnancy.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant individuals with a viable singleton pregnancy who have completed second trimester gestational diabetes screening and are eligible for classification as either gestational diabetes mellitus or no gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Participants must be willing and able to provide informed consent and complete planned pregnancy and postpartum study visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Active systemic illness (e.g. chronic kidney disease, hypertension)
• Pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus
• Multiple gestation, major fetal anomaly, or non-viable pregnancy on ultrasound
• Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 5.7% in early pregnancy
• One abnormal value on the 3-hour 100 g oral glucose tolerance test
• Glucose at least 190 mg/dL on glucose challenge testing without subsequent 3-hour oral glucose tolerance testing
• Use of medication affecting glucose metabolism before pregnancy or in early pregnancy
• Use of glucose-lowering medication (e.g. metformin, glyburide) other than insulin to treat gestational diabetes mellitus in the current pregnancy
• History of upper gastrointestinal surgery that alters gastric emptying (e.g. bariatric surgery)
• Hemoglobin \< than 11 g/dL