Overview
This randomized controlled trial evaluates methods to reduce pain during venipuncture in children aged 3 to 15 years. The study compares three approaches: virtual reality distraction using a VR headset, topical anesthesia with EMLA cream, and standard care without an additional pain-reducing intervention. The main question is whether virtual reality reduces pain during venipuncture more effectively than EMLA cream or standard care. Pain is assessed immediately after venipuncture using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (0-10). The planned study sample includes 450 children.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Children aged 3 to 15 years.
- Clinical indication for venipuncture.
- Written informed consent provided by a parent or legal guardian and verbal or written assent from the child, as appropriate for age and cognitive ability.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Known hypersensitivity to local anesthetics.
- Diagnosed mental disorder.
- Current treatment with analgesic or anxiolytic medications.
- Venipuncture not successful on the first attempt.
