Overview
This study used a prospective, randomized, repeated-measures experimental design to investigate the immediate effects of two upper cervical manual therapy interventions on craniovertebral angle (CVA), clinician-perceived atlas position, and musculoskeletal ultrasound-derived obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscle morphology
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- read and understand English
- no previous history of cervical spine surgery or traumatic cervical injury
- no contraindications to cervical manual therapy
Exclusion Criteria:
- any absolute contraindications to cervical manipulation
- any other medical condition considered unsafe for manual therapy.


