Overview
The aim of this study is to examine the associations between motor imagery capacity, body awareness (interoceptive awareness), kinesiophobia, physical activity level, and symptom severity in individuals with Parkinson's disease. In addition, the study aims to evaluate the relationships between these variables and physical frailty. This cross-sectional observational study will provide insight into the biopsychosocial factors associated with frailty in Parkinson's disease.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Clinically diagnosed Parkinson's disease
- Hoehn and Yahr stage 1-3
- Age 40 to 85 years
- Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥24
- Attending the Movement Disorders Outpatient Clinic, Department of Neurology
- Able to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Major depressive disorder or psychotic disorder
- Advanced dementia
- Severe cardiovascular or respiratory disease
- Uncontrolled chronic systemic disease (e.g., diabetes mellitus or hypertension)
- Additional neurological or orthopedic conditions that may affect assessment performance
- Severe visual or hearing impairment that could interfere with study assessments
- Inability to cooperate with the physiotherapist during study assessments
