Overview

Acute graft-versus-host disease remains a major complication after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methotrexate is commonly used as part of graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, but it may be associated with delayed hematopoietic recovery and transplant-related toxicities, including oral mucositis.

This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled Phase III clinical trial designed to evaluate an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody regimen compared with methotrexate for the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eligible patients with hematologic malignancies scheduled to undergo haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either methotrexate-based prophylaxis or anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody-based prophylaxis, in combination with standard graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis including anti-thymocyte globulin, calcineurin inhibitor, and mycophenolate mofetil.

The primary objective is to compare 12-month graft-versus-host disease-free, relapse-free survival between the two groups. Secondary objectives include comparison of acute graft-versus-host disease, chronic graft-versus-host disease, oral mucositis, hematopoietic recovery, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, infection, relapse, non-relapse mortality, overall survival, and leukemia-free survival.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria：

1. Patients with confirmed hematologic malignancies who are scheduled to undergo haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
2. Age 18 to 75 years.
3. Willing to provide written informed consent and accept random assignment.
4. Willing and able to comply with the study procedures throughout the study period.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients scheduled to undergo fully matched donor transplantation, unrelated donor transplantation, or umbilical cord blood transplantation.
2. Patients receiving grafts from maternal donors or collateral relative donors.
3. Patients with strongly positive donor-specific antibodies.
4. Patients whose transplantation regimen includes post-transplant cyclophosphamide for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis.
5. Patients undergoing a second transplantation.
6. Patients who refuse to provide written informed consent.