Overview
The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the effects of dual-task training on upper extremity function and muscle thickness in individuals with Parkinson's disease. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does dual-task training improve upper extremity function in individuals with Parkinson's disease? Does dual-task training lead to changes in upper extremity muscle thickness measured by ultrasonography?
Researchers will compare a dual-task training group with a control group receiving routine care to determine whether 8 weeks of dual-task training results in greater improvements in upper extremity outco
Participants will:
complete baseline and post-intervention assessments of upper extremity function, muscle thickness, grip strength, and pinch strength be assigned to either a control group or a dual-task training group receive dual-task training 3 days per week for 8 weeks if assigned to the intervention group
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease confirmed by a neurologist
- Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 to 3
- No medication or dosage change within the last 6 months
- Cognitive capacity sufficient to understand and follow instructions, defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment score ≥21
- Voluntary participation with written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Atypical or secondary parkinsonism
- Advanced orthopedic condition affecting the upper extremity
- Surgery, trauma, or immobilization involving the upper extremity within the last 6 months
- Wound or dermatological condition preventing upper extremity ultrasonographic evaluation
- Severe visual or hearing loss
- Severe depression, psychosis, or communication difficulty
- Any additional health problem preventing regular participation in the study
