Overview
Humoral rejection of kidney transplants is responsible for a large number of kidney graft losses in a context of increasing shortage.
Although it has been established that it is largely mediated by the alloreactive B lymphocyte, anti-B therapies are only partially effective.
The mechanisms behind the loss of tolerance are also poorly understood, and the triggers of rejection remain to be elucidated.
During this study, patients admitted for kidney graft biopsy for suspicion of rejection will be included ; patients presenting non inflammatory biopsies will be studied as controls. B cells will be extracted and cultured. Their antibodies will be studied along with reactivity towards HLA, non HLA targets and the gut microbiome. The same study will be led for late rejections needing graft removal : B cells extraction, culture, antibodies reactivity testing. Controls will be graft removal for non inflammatory causes. In both cases hight throughput sequencing the immunoglobulin genes will be performed.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult kidney transplant recipients admitted for biopsy or graft removal in the participating nephrology departments.
- Patient participation agreement and signed consent form
- Affiliation to a health insurance system
Exclusion Criteria:
- Confounding factor of renal inflammation: acute or recurrent pyelonephritis, BK virus nephropathy
- Pregnant or breast-feeding women
- Persons under legal protection
