Overview

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common form of stroke, with an incidence of around 3000 cases per year in Hong Kong. Although it only accounts for around 20-30% of all strokes, ICH is the most severe form of stroke, contributing to 50% of all stroke mortality and the greatest disability burden in stroke. For those who survive their ICH, they are at high risk of ICH recurrence, stroke, cardiovascular event and death. Hence, reducing these risks after ICH is a top priority to lessen the disease's healthcare and social burden.

Hypertension is the main driver for ICH, and achieving blood pressure (BP) control significantly reduces the risk of recurrent ICH, stroke and cardiovascular events. However, only 50% of ICH survivors achieved BP control after ICH. This is because ICH patients represent a unique hypertensive population with more difficult-to-control BPs, with many requiring ≥3 antihypertensive medications. Many reasons contribute to uncontrolled hypertension, but inadequate prescription of medication is the most actionable cause. The notion of an upfront prescription of a triple antihypertensive regimen (triple pill) soon after ICH could consequent better BP control, but there are concerns of excessive lowering of BP, particularly in older patients, which has been associated with increased mortality. This approach may also not be suitable for ICH patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy where the elevated admission BP may be due to acute hypertensive response rather than underlying hypertension. Additionally, the general use of upfront triple pill in all ICH would have healthcare implications, as triple pills are more expensive compared to conventional antihypertensive medications.

To facilitate individualized treatment, a predictive score, the TRICH score, was recently developed and validated to identify patients who require triple pills after ICH. Therefore, the current TRIACT study aims to test the clinical application and benefit of the TRICH score for the upfront prescription of triple antihypertensive medication after ICH to enable prompt achievement of BP control.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Spontaneous ICH
2. Age ≥18 years
3. Premorbid modified Rankin Scale of ≤3
4. TRICH score ≥3
5. Within 1 week of ICH

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Glasgow coma score \<9
2. Expected life expectancy of six months
3. Admission SBP \<160mmHg
4. Severe renal impairment, estimated glomerular filtration rate using CKD-EPI formula \<30 ml/min/1.73m2
5. Inability to perform home BP monitoring
6. Inability to participate in follow-up activity
7. Hypersensitivity to study drug
8. Known contraindication to amlodipine
9. Known contraindication to valsartan
10. Known contraindication to hydrochlorothiazide
11. Any conditions that investigator deems that patient is not suitable of any component of the triple pill or antihypertensive medications in general