Overview
The hypothesis is that fluid-responsive patients who show signs of venous congestion experience a worsening of microcirculatory status after fluid administration compared to patients without signs of venous congestion
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit
- Invasive or minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring
Exclusion Criteria:
- Suspected or confirmed pregnancy
- Inability to access the oral cavity (e.g., facial trauma, oral bleeding)
