Description

Study Timeline and Procedures In this within-subject repeated measures design, people with ALS (pALS) will serve as their own controls, enabling comparison of outcomes across multiple time points while accounting for interparticipant variability (i.e., disease heterogeneity). All participants will receive the intervention, and treatment-related changes will be evaluated relative to each individual's baseline performance.

Study participation will include two in-person evaluations (baseline and post-treatment), and five weekly telehealth therapy sessions. Outcome measures will be collected longitudinally to assess changes over time.

Each telehealth session will incorporate tongue isometric resistance training (maximum anterior tongue press) to ensure treatment fidelity. During these sessions, the following measures will be obtained: speaking rate using the Bamboo Passage (words per minute),the 3-ounce water swallow test to screen swallowing safety, and the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) to assess swallowing efficiency. Patient-reported outcomes will include the Exercise Therapy Burden Questionnaire (ETBQ), EAT-10, and the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS).

To facilitate home-based assessment of lingual strength and support exercise adherence, participants will be provided with a commercially available lingual manometer (Tongueometer), including protocols for maximum anterior tongue press and saliva swallow using lingual bulbs.

Screening/Baseline 1 (Week 0). Following consenting and screening procedures, study personnel will complete the initial baseline assessment procedures. Participants will complete the initial in-person baseline assessment in approximately 60-90 minutes.

The following baseline measures will be completed:

1\. Maximum isometric lingual pressures captured via lingual manometry (Tongueometer) 3. Speech Rate: Bamboo Passage 5. Swallowing Safety: 3-ounce water test 6. Oral Efficiency: TOMASS 7. Swallowing Safety and Efficiency: Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS) 8. Patient Reported Outcome Measures: Eat-10, ALSFRS scale, ETBQ

Telehealth Appointments (Active Training Weeks 1-5) Weekly telehealth therapy appointments will be conducted during the active training period using the Zoom platform (Zoom Video Communications, Inc). During these sessions, the research clinician will lead a lingual resistance training session with the participant, complete Bamboo passage, complete 3-ounce water test, and administered surveys including the ALS Functional Rating Scale- Revised, Exercise Therapy Burden Questionnaire (ETBQ), and the EAT-10. Surveys will be screen shared with the participants and data will be recorded on the source documents by the research clinician. Each telehealth appointment will take 30-60 minutes.

Active Exercise Training Regimen Frequency 5 exercise sessions per week Duration 5 weeks Intensity Exercise training at 60% of each participants maximum isometric anterior lingual pressure generation (MAIP) Volume 6 sets of 5 repetitions per day 30 repetitions per day 150 repetitions per week Contraction Each isometric tongue press to be held for approximately 2 seconds Progression Training thresholds will be modified during telehealth each week to maintain training at 60% of the MIAP

Final Evaluation (Week 6) The Final Evaluation appointment will consist of the identical assessment procedures conducted in the same order as Baseline 1 with inclusion of VFSS, and Exercise Therapy Burden Questionnaire (ETBQ). This evaluation will be in-person.

Follow-up Period (6-months). The participant's isometric lingual strength will be assessed during their next scheduled routine multidisciplinary ALS Clinic appointment.