Overview
This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Behavioral Modification Working (BMW) Toolkit in improving glycemic control and blood pressure among pregnant women diagnosed with both GDM and PIH.
Description
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) are major contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Evidence suggests that lifestyle and self-care interventions focusing on diet, physical activity, and sleep may improve maternal outcomes; however, rigorously designed randomized controlled trials evaluating structured behavioral toolkits in Pakistan are scarce.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Pregnant women aged 15-49 years.
- Gestational age between 16 and 20 weeks at enrolment.
- Diagnosed with both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).
- At least one prior antenatal visit at the study site.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pre-existing diabetes mellitus or chronic hypertension prior to pregnancy.
- Pre-existing renal disease, thyroid disease, or major hematological disorders.
- Multiple pregnancy (e.g., twins, triplets).
- Severe psychiatric illness.
