Overview

While intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) within 4.5 hours is the standard medical reperfusion therapy, its efficacy is limited, particularly for large or medium vessel occlusions (LVO/MeVO), with low recanalization rates for IVT with rt-PA. The newer thrombolytic agent, tenecteplase (TNK), offers practical advantages-including single bolus administration, a longer half-life, and potentially higher fibrin specificity-and has been shown to be non-inferior to rt-PA.

Despite advances, a significant proportion of patients with LVO/MeVO do not achieve early clinical improvement after standard IVT, likely due to persistent occlusion from a high thrombus burden. Endovascular therapy, while highly effective for LVO, has limited accessibility. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective and widely accessible pharmacological strategies.

This study proposes a rescue strategy based on the hypothesis that a second dose of IVT may improve outcomes in patients with imaging-confirmed LVO or MeVO who show no significant neurological improvement one hour after standard TNK thrombolysis (administered within 4.5 hours of stroke onset). The primary aim of this study is to formally evaluate the efficacy and safety of a repeated dose of intravenous tenecteplase in this specific patient population.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 year;
• Acute ischemic stroke presumably caused by large or medium vessel occlusion within 4.5 hours of onset, having received standard-dose intravenous thrombolysis, and with no planned thrombectomy;
• Measurable neurological deficit before the first intravenous thrombolysis, with NIHSS ≥ 4;
• Baseline pc-ASPECTS/ASPECTS ≥ 6, and for posterior circulation infarction, a Pontine-Midbrain Index ≤ 2 (assessed by CT or DWI);
• No significant clinical improvement (reduction in NIHSS ≤ 2) or neurological deterioration after initial improvement at 1 hour after the first thrombolysis;
• Follow-up imaging (CTA or MRA) at 1 hour after the first thrombolysis rules out intracranial hemorrhage and confirms the presence of large or medium vessel occlusion (internal carotid artery, M1-M3 segments of the middle cerebral artery, A1-A3 segments of the anterior cerebral artery, P1-P3 segments of the posterior cerebral artery, basilar artery or V4 segment of the vertebral artery, PICA, AICA, or SCA);
• The second intravenous thrombolysis can be administered within 6 hours of onset;
• First stroke onset or past stroke without obvious neurological deficit (mRS≤1);
• Signed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Planed for endovascular treatment;
• Significant white matter hyperintensities (Fazekas score 3);
• Any coagulation abnormality before the first thrombolysis, including INR \> 1.5;
• Receipt of dual antiplatelet therapy within 24 hours prior to thrombolysis.；
• Pregnancy；
• Allergy to the investigational drug(s)；
• Comorbidity with other serious diseases;
• Participating in other clinical trials within 3 months;
• Patients not suitable for the study considered by researcher.