Overview
The goal of this observational study is to assess the prevalence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis and to report medium and long term functional outcomes secondary to tibia plateau fractures. The second aim was to investigate whether there were any risk factors associated with these outcomes.
Description
- The study population consists of patients from the Swedish region of Norrbotten (northern part of Sweden) who had undergone TPF between the years of 2001 and 2015.
- All patients are evaluated radiographically.
- Condition-specific scores are assessed using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). General health related quality of life are assessed by the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) tool.
- All patients are examined clinically.
- The relationship between the development of radiographic OA in patients who had undergone TPF and such potential factors as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), fracture pattern or method of fracture treatment is being assessed.
- The data from the Swedish Fracture Register and the Swedish Arthroplasty Register are used in order to follow the long-term results.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic appliance removal.
- Permanent dentition present, including both anterior and posterior teeth.
- Age between 15-35 years.
- Ability to provide informed consent and comply with study procedures.
- General health adequate for routine orthodontic care.
- No history of regular or recent medication intake within the preceding 24 hours, including painkillers, corticosteroids, or anti-flu drugs.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients with craniofacial anomalies, systemic conditions affecting pain perception, or taking medications influencing nociception.
- Teeth with extensive restorations or prostheses that prevent standard bracket debonding.
- Patients with known allergy or contraindication to TENS or vibration devices.
- Pregnant women.
- Active periodontal disease, including gingival recession or tooth mobility exceeding Grade I.
- Excessive gingival overgrowth that may impede debonding or influence study outcomes.
