Overview
The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to evaluate the efficiency and results of adding blood flow restriction (BFR) training to the physical therapy program for managing adolescents presented with spasmotic flatfoot deformities compared to the Standard physical therapy program without blood flow restriction.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adolescents presented with idiopathic, rigid, spasmodic flatfeet.
- Age should be younger than 18 years old. 3- Patients who did not respond to initial medical treatment for three weeks.
Exclusion Criteria:
- generalised tarsal arthritis
- neurological disorder.
- secondary rigid flatfoot deformity
- patients who did not complete the follow up or evaluation protocol
- Patients who will refuse to participate