Overview

This study aims to integrate clinical indicators and features of fundus images, combined with metabolomics, to construct an early warning model for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes. By combining clinical indicators with metabolomics, the investigators aim to establish a precise DR typing model based on the age of diabetes onset (early-onset diabetes, late-onset diabetes) and based on the coexistence with two types of diabetic macrovascular complications. A multidisciplinary collaboration will be conducted for comprehensive management of DR to control the progression of moderate-stage DR. Cloud-based patient rooms combined with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) will further explore the role of integrated diabetes retinopathy ward management models in the management of patients undergoing diabetes retinopathy surgery, pioneering a new model for the management of advanced DR.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Meets the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes in the "China Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Guidelines (2020 Edition)";
  • Aged between 20 and 79 years old, without other severe underlying diseases; ③ Possesses full cognitive and literacy abilities; ④ Volunteers to participate in this study and are willing to sign an informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those who have been diagnosed with type 1 or other types of diabetes;
  • Those with severe cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, or renal insufficiency;
    • Those with mental confusion, speech disorders, or dementia, etc.;
      • Those who are unable to take care of themselves, bedridden, or have mobility impairments; ⑤ Women who are breastfeeding or pregnant;
        • Those with a recent history of surgery, trauma, acute major vascular complications, or infectious diseases.