Overview
The study aims to assess the beat-to-beat Heart rate variability (HRV) in different stages of metabolic diseases, including pre-diabetic and diabetic patients, compared to non-diabetic individuals.
Heart rate variability will be compared for some antidiabetic drugs used in different stages of metabolic diseases and correlated to different metabolic and inflammatory mediators.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Non-diabetic individuals: adults (18-70 Years) with glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C)\<5.7 and/or Fasting blood glucose \<100 mg/L and with no classic symptoms of hyperglycemia
- Pre-diabetic: adults (18-70 Years) who fulfil one of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria :
- glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) =5.7-6.4%
- Fasting blood glucose level = 100 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL. Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.
- Diabetic patients: adults (18-70 Years) who fulfil one of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria:
- glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) ≥6.5%
- Fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL.
- A random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL. Random is any time of the day without regard to the meals.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pediatric and elderly subjects
- Pregnant subjects
- Those with active Myocardial infarction
- Those with acute decompensated heart failure
- Patients with pacemaker
- Patients with persistent Atrial fibrillation, long-standing persistent and permanent Atrial fibrillation