Overview
This study tests the hypothesis that non-diabetic individuals with a high genetic risk score for type 2 diabetes have impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance compared to those with a low genetic risk score for type 2 diabetes.
Description
The study team will recruit individuals based on genetic risk score for type 2 diabetes from the biobank populations who have agreed to be recontacted for future research. Each participant will undergo a frequently sampled four-hour oral glucose tolerance test and whole body DXA scan (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in addition to baseline laboratory and history assessment.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 10-70 years
- Prior participant of the UPenn Biobank or Center for Applied Genomics Biobank and agreed to be recontacted for future research.
- Adults with BMI 25kg/m2 or higher, children and adolescents with BMI 85th percentile or higher
Exclusion Criteria:
- prior diagnosis of type 1, type 2, or secondary diabetes
- use of medications that would impact glucose and insulin response such as steroids, metformin or other anti-diabetic medication
- acute illness that may impact insulin and glucose dynamics
- pregnancy
- hypothalamic obesity or related genetic disorder of metabolism
- recent systemic chemotherapy use
- gastrointestinal impairment or surgery that may impact absorption
- anemia
- major organ system illness or any underlying condition requiring regular medication or treatment that could make implementation of the protocol or interpretation of the study results difficult
- inability to comply with study protocol
