Overview

With the rapid increase of diabetic nephropathy worldwide, type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease(ESRD). Pathological types of diabetic kidney disease(DKD) could be mainly divided into diabetic nephropathy（DN）and non-diabetic renal diseases（NDRD）. There are no accurate renal biopsy indications and standardized operation procedures for type 2 diabetic nephropathy. The clinical stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy still referred to the Mogensen stage of type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Thus, our study aim to clarify the differences in clinical phenotype between type 2 DN and type 2 NDRD, analysis the correlation between clinical and pathological features, and offer the criteria for clinical staging and prognosis.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age≥18, male or female
• Clinical diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus
• The presence of renal impairment including: microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria or renal insufficiency
• The renal biopsy was performed with complete renal pathological diagnosis
• Obtaining the signed informed consent from patients

Exclusion Criteria:

• The history of the disease was not complete
• Clinical diagnosed as other secondary renal diseases
• Patients with hereditary kidney disease
• Autoimmune diseases
• Patients with malignant tumor were expected to survive less than 6 months
• Pregnancy and lactation