Overview
This is a multi-center cross sectional epidemiological study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) in Chinese population.
Description
The prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Chinese population is over 10% and increasing rapidly. Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) is a constellation of conditions secondary to CKD, including 1) metabolic disorders of calcium, phosphorus and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), 2) bone diseases and 3) calcifications in blood vessels and soft tissues. CKD-MBD could increase the risks of cardiovascular diseases and bone fracture and overall mortality. However, the data of prevalence of CKD-MBD in Chinese population with different CKD stages is lacking. This is a multi-center cross sectional epidemiological study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) in Chinese population.This is a multi-center cross sectional epidemiological study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) in Chinese population. A questionnaire was designed to collect the information of demographic data, medical history, laboratory test results and medications from the patients. Multistage stratified cluster sampling method will be used. Based on the sample size estimation, a total of 14-28 tertiary hospitals and 42-56 level II hospitals distributed in seven different geographic regions across China will be included. At least 9863 subjects will be enrolled. The primary outcome is the prevalence of CKD-MBD, including the prevalence of hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Kidney damage for ≥ 3 months, and one of the following criteria:
- Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 for 3 months or more, irrespective of cause.
- proteinuria (>30 mg of urinary albumin excretion per gram of urinary creatinine, > 50 mg of urinary protein excretion per gram of urinary creatinine, >1+ for proteinuria in dipstick, > 0.3g of 24 hour urine protein)
- structural renal abnormalities
- hospitalized patients not on dialysis or dialysis patients followed regularly in
Hemodialysis centers or Peritoneal Dialysis centers
Exclusion Criteria:
- no available test results within 3 months prior to this study
- no available information of medication or past medical history
