Overview
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with significant maternal and fetal complications. The standard diagnostic test for GDM is the 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, pregnant women who have undergone bariatric surgery may not tolerate OGTT due to dumping syndrome and gastrointestinal side effects. This creates diagnostic challenges in this specific population.
The aim of this prospective observational study is to evaluate whether routinely measured glycemic markers, including fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, and urinary glucose levels, can predict the development of gestational diabetes mellitus and related pregnancy complications in women with prior bariatric surgery.
Pregnant women aged 18-50 years with a history of bariatric surgery will be enrolled and followed throughout pregnancy. The predictive value of glycemic markers for GDM, macrosomia, and polyhydramnios will be analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models.
This study aims to provide alternative diagnostic approaches for GDM screening in pregnant women who are unable to tolerate OGTT and to contribute to improving maternal and perinatal outcomes in this growing patient population.
Description
This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial to test effects of mHealth mobile neurofeedback on the outcomes of pain, enrolling 150 adult participants (18 years of age or older) with chronic low backpain. Participants will be scheduled for a baseline interview at Dr. Elbogen's research office at Duke after a preliminary telephone screen. After providing informed consent, participants will complete an eligibility assessment, a physical function test, self-report questionnaire on pain interference including clinical interviews for health outcomes of pain; self-report questionnaire on pain interference, pain self-efficacy, drug and alcohol use, opioid use, drug/alcohol use; a physical function test; and an EEG. Participants will be be randomly assigned to either an experimental (mobile neurofeedback) or placebo-control (sham neurofeedback) group. All participants will receive a portable Muse EEG headset and an iPod Touch with a mobile app named 'Mobile Neurofeedback' and be asked to complete 10-minute sessions at least 4 days per week for 12 weeks. Participants will be asked to report their current level of pain, stress, and anger before and after each session. The experimental condition involves a mobile app that provides auditory feedback signaling EEG alpha power above a threshold level, denoting a physiologically relaxed state. The control condition involves a visually identical mobile app yoked to a pre-recorded set of actual neurofeedback sessions (i.e., placebo). Study coordinators will conduct 6 check in calls in the intervening period, the study team will to reinforce training, troubleshoot technical problems, and assess any risk/safety issues (weeks 1,3,5,7,9, and 11). Follow-up data will be collected upon completion of the intervention at 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 36 weeks. During all follow-up visits, participants will complete self-report questionnaires, a physical function test, and an EEG. Data will be collected at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Responding greater than 3 months to "How long has low back pain been an ongoing problem for you?"
- Responding 'at least half the days' to "How often has low back pain been an ongoing problem for you over the past 6 months?"
Investigators will follow recommendations to items and responses provided by the NIH Task Force on Research Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain, which specifically: "recommended 2 questions to achieve the definition of chronic low back pain: (1) How long has back pain been an ongoing problem for you? (2) How often has low back pain been an ongoing problem for you over the past 6 months? A response of greater than 3 months to question 1 and a response of 'at least half the days in the past 6 months' to question 2 would define chronic lower back pain."
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of seizures.
- Planning pain-related surgery in the next 9 months.
- Individuals with implanted medical devices that could experience interference during EEG and/or ECG, such as a spinal cord stimulator or pacemaker.
- Lower back pain is associated with compensation or litigation issues.
- Rating of past week pain intensity\<4 on 0-10 point scale.
- Rating of past week pain interference\<4 on 0-10 point scale.
