Overview
The purpose of the study is to identify bacterial and fungal microbiome associated with calcium oxalate (CO) urolithiasis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adults that are able to consent (≥ 18 years of age)
- No history of asymptomatic bacteriuria or Urinary Tract Infection within the past 1 month
- No history of coagulopathy and not on anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication at the time of surgery.
- For patients with urolithiasis, must not have a history of RCC
- For patients with RCC, must not have a history of urolithiasis
- Controls must have no history of stones, RCC, or urinary tract infection (within 1 month).
- For all participants, no antimicrobial treatment within the past month
Exclusion Criteria:
- Adults unable to consent
- For patients with urolithiasis, technical difficulty in taking renal papillae biopsy.
- History of urinary tract infection within the past 1 month
- History of coagulopathy and on anticoagulants or antiplatelets that could not be stopped perioperatively.
- Patients with nephrolithiasis and renal tumors with positive preoperative urine cultures- suggesting asymptomatic bacteriuria.
- For patients with urolithiasis, a history of RCC
- For patients with RCC, a history of urolithiasis
- Controls who have a history of stones, RCC, or urinary tract infection.
- For all participants, antimicrobial treatment within the past month.
