Overview

Diabetes-related distress is a psychological construct associated with poorer glycaemic control in people living with diabetes. In France, few data are available on this topic and none focus specifically on adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes-related distress is not mentioned in the current French national guidelines on the management of type 2 diabetes, whereas international societies such as the ADA and, more recently, the EASD now recommend its regular assessment.

This single-centre observational study conducted in the endocrinology department of Nice University Hospital aims to estimate the prevalence of severe diabetes-related distress in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving usual care, and to identify associated clinical, psychosocial and lifestyle factors. Participants complete validated self-report questionnaires (PAID-20 for diabetes distress, WHOQOL-BREF for quality of life, and a modified Starting The Conversation dietary questionnaire), and clinical data are extracted from electronic medical records. The study does not modify usual medical management and participation consists only in completing the questionnaires and receiving feedback on the results.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults (age ≥ 18 years).
• Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes according to national (HAS) criteria, whether newly diagnosed or longstanding, with or without chronic complications, and with no restriction regarding HbA1c level. Managed for type 2 diabetes in the endocrinology department of Nice University Hospital (conventional hospitalization, day hospital, or outpatient consultation).
• Able to understand the study information and to complete the self-administered questionnaires.
• Affiliated to the French social security system.
• Has not objected to participation in the study (non-opposition procedure).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age \< 18 years.
• Pregnant woman.
• Any type of diabetes other than type 2 diabetes (e.g. type 1 diabetes, secondary or genetic diabetes).
• Haemochromatosis.
• Cystic fibrosis.
• Current treatment with one of the following hyperglycaemic therapies: oral corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, dopaminergic agonists, interferon-alpha, or protease inhibitors.
• History of partial or total pancreatectomy.
• Ongoing genetic work-up for atypical diabetes.
• Non-French-speaking patient.
• Major neurocognitive disorder or physical/mental disability preventing completion of the questionnaires.
• Adult under legal protection (guardianship or curatorship).
• Refusal or subsequent withdrawal of non-opposition.
• Any later paraclinical result finally revealing a type of diabetes other than type 2 diabetes.