Overview

This is a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Romiplostim N01 in promoting platelet engraftment after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) in patients with hematologic malignancies.

A total of 130 patients who undergo haplo-HSCT for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), or other hematologic malignancies will be enrolled and randomized 1:1 into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group will receive Romiplostim N01 subcutaneously once weekly at a starting dose of 5 µg/kg, with dose adjustments based on platelet counts (maximum 10 µg/kg), for up to 4 weeks or until platelet counts reach ≥100 × 10⁹/L. The control group will not receive rh-TPO or any thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA) therapy. Supportive care including transfusions and growth factors (G-CSF, ESA) is allowed in both groups.

The primary endpoint is the cumulative platelet engraftment rate by day +21 post-transplant, defined as sustained platelet counts \> 20 × 10⁹/L for at least 7 consecutive days without transfusion. Secondary endpoints include median time to platelet engraftment, median time to achieve platelet counts ≥ 50 × 10⁹/L and ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L, total platelet transfusion volume, erythroid and neutrophil responses within 4 weeks, and overall hematopoietic recovery. Safety endpoints include the incidence of adverse events, thromboembolic events, and treatment-related serious adverse events.

The study aims to determine whether early administration of Romiplostim N01 can accelerate platelet recovery and reduce bleeding risk in patients undergoing haplo-HSCT, thereby improving post-transplant outcomes.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients with malignant hematologic diseases scheduled to undergo haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) Age ≥18 years, male or female. ECOG performance status 0-1. Estimated life expectancy \>6 months. Adequate renal function, defined as:serum creatinine ≤1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN);Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ≤1.5 × ULN.

Adequate hepatic function, defined as:Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤2 × ULN.Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤2 × ULN.Total bilirubin ≤1.5 × ULN.

Ability to understand and sign informed consent, and willingness to comply with all study requirements.

Exclusion Criteria:

Uncontrolled active infection or other active malignancy that could interfere with study participation.

Severe cardiovascular disease, including:New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III-IV heart failure;Uncontrolled hypertension or hypotension;History of or high risk for thromboembolic events.

Receiving anticoagulation therapy for thrombotic events. Known hypersensitivity to romiplostim or similar agents. Use of rh-TPO or any thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA) within 30 days prior to enrollment.

Participation in another interventional clinical study within 30 days prior to enrollment.

Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, makes the patient unsuitable for the study.