Overview
This study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of electrical stimulation and biofeedback with electrical stimulation alone on fecal incontinence in children with repaired imperforate anus, with ages from 6 to 10 years.
Description
A comparative, randomized, clinical trial regarding children who complain of fecal incontinence after operative repair of imperforate anus, to evaluate the effect of biofeedback assisted pelvic floor muscles training through animated games combined with anal electrical stimulation and anal electrical stimulation with pelvic floor muscles training through measuring anal muscles activity and implementing a bowel diary.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- children with repaired anorectal malformation
- evident spared anal sphincter muscles by MRI
- the age range from 6 to 10 years
- able to follow instructions
- Faecal symptoms will be evaluated for a month to confirm study eligibility.
Exclusion Criteria:
- children with absent anal sphincter muscles by MRI
- children with post-colon surgery other than ARM
- neurologic/neuropathic disorder
- sensory or hearing deficits
- psychological disturbances.