Overview

The goal of this clinical trial is to assess the safety of a new U500 insulin formulation and to determine how rapidly it is absorbed and how long it takes to act when administered intraperitoneally. The trial will be conducted in people with Type 1 Diabetes. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Is the drug safe and tolerable when administered intraperitoneally? How fast is it absorbed, and how long does it take to act? Researchers will compare the investigational product (PI-U500) with Humulin R U500 administered intraperitoneally and Lyumjev U100 administered subcutaneously.

Participants will undergo a 12-hour clamp procedure in which their blood glucose will be maintained stable via glucose infusion at variable rates after a single intraperitoneal injection of the insulin formulation.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who meet all the following criteria at Screening will be included in the study:
  1. Subjects ≥18 to ≤60 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent.
  2. Subjects diagnosed with T1DM for at least 12 months.
  3. Subjects who have been using an approved insulin pump or use MDI with basal and bolus insulin (stable use for 3 months).
  4. Fasting C-peptide concentration of ≤0.3 nmol/L (0.9061 ng/ml), assessed at a plasma glucose concentration \>90 mg/dL. (If necessary, the subject may consume carbohydrates to raise BG over 90 mg/dL as measured by YSI (glucose analyzer) prior to drawing blood for C-peptide. This may be repeated as needed to ensure C-peptide is assessed when plasma glucose concentration is \>90 mg/dL).
  5. HbA1c concentration of ≤8.5%.
  6. Body mass index (BMI) within the range ≥18.5 to ≤30.0 kg/m2.
  7. Weight ≥ 50 kg.
  8. Female subjects must be non-pregnant and non-lactating and postmenopausal (no menses \>12 months); postmenopausal status will be confirmed through testing of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels at Screening for all female subjects.
  9. Male subjects must be surgically sterile, abstinent or if engaged in sexual relations of child-bearing potential, the subject and his partner must be using acceptable methods of contraception.
  10. Has venous access sufficient to allow for blood sampling.
  11. Capable of giving signed informed consent and willing to follow study procedures and commitment to the study duration.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from participating in the study:
  1. A subject who has proliferative retinopathy or maculopathy (based on records/documentation of ophthalmologic exam within 18 months of Screening or ophthalmologic exam during Screening), severe gastroparesis, and/or severe neuropathy, in particular autonomic neuropathy, as judged by the Investigator.
  2. History of ≥2 episodes of severe hypoglycemia (as defined per ADA criteria) or ≥1 episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis or emergency room visits for uncontrolled diabetes leading to hospitalization within 6 months prior to Screening.
  3. Subject is not able to avoid major dietary changes for the duration of the study.
  4. Systolic blood pressure \>150 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure \>90 mm Hg at Screening. Treatment with no more than 2 antihypertensive medications must be with stable doses for at least 3 months prior to Screening.
  5. Current use of any drugs as listed in the table of prohibited medications.
  6. History of any major surgery within 6 months prior to Screening.
  7. History of any serious allergic adverse reaction or hypersensitivity to any of the product components.
  8. History of renal disease or abnormal kidney function tests at Screening (GFR \<60 mL/min/1.73m2 as estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration \[CKD-EPI\]).
  9. Triglycerides \>500 mg/dL at Screening.
  10. Clinically significant abnormal hematology or biochemistry screening tests. Subjects may have these labs be redrawn once on a separate day.
  11. Any history of heart disease, defined as symptomatic heart failure (New York Heart Association class III or IV), myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or angioplasty, unstable angina requiring medication, transient ischemic attack, cerebral infarct, or cerebral hemorrhage.
  12. Presence of clinically significant physical, laboratory, or ECG findings (eg, QTcF \>450 msec for males, QTcF \>470 msec for females) at Screening that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may interfere with any aspect of study conduct or interpretation of results.
  13. History or presence of malignant neoplasms within the past 5 years prior to the day of Screening. Basal and squamous cell skin cancer and any in-situ carcinomas are allowed.
  14. Clinically significant concomitant disease including cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hematological, dermatological, neurological, psychiatric, systemic or infections disease as judged by the Investigator.
  15. Personal or family history of hypercoagulability or thromboembolic disease.
  16. History of any active infection, other than mild viral illness within 30 days prior to dosing as judged by the Investigator.
  17. Administration of any vaccinations in the 2 weeks prior to admission to the clinic.
  18. History of alcohol abuse as judged by the Investigator within approximately 1 year or consuming \>2 standard drinks on average per day in men, and \>1 standard drinks on average per day in women, and/or positive alcohol breath test at Screening or upon clinic admission. (One drink is defined as 12 fluid ounces of regular beer \[5% alcohol\], 5 fluid ounces of wine \[12% alcohol\], or 1.5 fluid ounces of 80 proof \[40% alcohol\] distilled spirits.)
  19. History of illicit/recreational drug abuse within approximately 1 year as judged by the Investigator. Frequent use of marijuana or other tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products within 6 weeks, or clinically under the effect at Screening or upon clinic admission, as per Investigator evaluation or a positive urine drug test at Screening or upon clinic admission.
  20. Smoker (defined as a subject who is smoking more than 5 cigarettes or the equivalent per day); or non- or occasional smoker who is not able or willing to refrain from smoking and use of nicotine gum or transdermal nicotine patches during the inpatient period.
  21. Known history or positive test of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C antibody test (anti-HCV), or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or 2 (HIV-2) antibody at Screening.
  22. Existence of any surgical or medical condition that, in the judgment of the Investigator, might interfere with the absorption, distribution or metabolism of the drugs or the tolerability/safety measurements.
  23. Any subject who, per the opinion of the Investigator, will not make a good study subject relative to mental disorder, history of poor treatment adherence, etc.
  24. Participation in an investigational study within 30 days prior to dosing or within 5 half-lives of the last dose of study drug whichever is longer.
  25. Donation or loss of \>500 mL of blood or blood product within 56 days of Screening.
  26. Poor venous access as judged by the study team.