Overview

Cesarean delivery (CD) is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide, with a rising incidence particularly in high-income countries. Although often life-saving, cesarean delivery carries both short- and long-term maternal risks. Early complications include infection, hemorrhage, and thromboembolism, while inadequate uterine healing can lead to future complications such as uterine rupture and placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Additionally, cesarean scars may result in pregnancy complications, isthmocele formation, postmenstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and dysmenorrhea. This highlights the need for optimization of the surgical technique. Despite increasing cesarean rates, there is no consensus on the optimal uterine closure method. Techniques vary in terms of the number of layers, suture locking style, and inclusion of the endometrium, and their comparative effectiveness in reducing scar defects remains unclear. Some previous studies have reported increased uterine rupture risk with single-layer locked sutures and better healing with double-layer closure, while others found no significant difference in scar outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effects of single- versus double-layer cesarean scar closure on myometrial thickness and its clinical implications.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female participants aged 18-44 years.
• Undergoing cesarean delivery at the study hospital's Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic.
• Evaluated as clinically eligible based on history, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, and routine preoperative laboratory tests, including:

Complete blood count (CBC), biochemical profile, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), blood group determination. No abnormalities detected in the above assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

\- Presence of chronic diseases, including: Rheumatologic diseases, renal failure, vascular malformations, hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, thyroid disease, congenital hematologic disorders.

• Suspected or confirmed placenta previa or placenta accreta spectrum.
• Clinical chorioamnionitis.
• Anterior wall uterine myomas.
• History of low transverse nonstandard uterine incision.
• Predicted obstetric hemorrhage or other intraoperative complications.