Overview
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of velocity-based resistance training on renal function and metabolic health in kidney transplant recipients. Participants will be randomized into two groups performing resistance training at different execution velocities (maximal intended vs. submaximal controlled). The intervention will last 12 weeks and include multi-joint exercises (squat, bench press, military press). Primary outcomes include renal function (serum creatinine, eGFR, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid) and metabolic markers (HDL, triglycerides, glucose, waist circumference, blood pressure). Secondary outcomes include muscle strength, force-velocity profile, anthropometry, physical activity, fitness perception, and adherence to immunosuppressive medication.
Description
This randomized controlled trial will examine the physiological and metabolic responses to different resistance training velocities in kidney transplant recipients. Participants will be randomized to perform either maximal-velocity or submaximal-velocity resistance exercises for 12 weeks. Each session will include multi-joint movements (bench press, squat, overhead press) using a Smith machine. Training loads will be individualized (20-60% 1RM) and monitored using a linear encoder to control velocity loss. Primary endpoints are renal function and metabolic health markers, while secondary outcomes include neuromuscular performance and adherence to immunosuppressive therapy. The study has received ethics approval from Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina (Acta 15, April 22, 2025).
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Men and women aged 18 to 50 years.
- Kidney transplant performed ≥12 months before enrollment.
- Stable graft function in the previous 6 months (serum creatinine \< 1.5 mg/dL, no rejection episodes).
- Written medical clearance from a nephrologist to perform moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
- Signed informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Active autoimmune disorders.
- Recent coronary disease (≤6 months).
- Severe musculoskeletal limitations incompatible with resistance training.
- Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (pre- or post-transplant).
- Current active infection.
- Use of immunosuppressive drugs with contraindications for exercise (e.g., mTOR inhibitors at baseline).