Overview
This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial investigates whether a short, 360° virtual reality (VR) pre-examination walkthrough can reduce anxiety, behavioral distress, and physiological stress responses in preschool children undergoing routine outpatient physical examination. A total of 100 children aged 3-5.5 years were randomized to either a VR group, which viewed a 3-minute real-clinic 360° video via VR goggles, or a control group, which experienced routine waiting only. Primary outcome measures include the Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability (FLACC) score and crying duration during examination. Secondary outcomes include heart and respiratory rate changes, Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBS) scores, parent satisfaction, and physician-rated examination ease. The study aims to determine whether immersive, procedure-specific VR preparation can improve examination experience and cooperation while reducing stress for both children and caregivers.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Children aged 3 to 5.5 years (36-66 months)
- Clinically stable and presenting for routine outpatient physical examination
- Able to engage with a short audiovisual VR/360° video
- Written informed consent from a parent or legal guardian
- Verbal assent from the child when appropriate
Exclusion Criteria:
- Severe neurodevelopmental delay or communication difficulty
- Autism spectrum disorder or significant behavioral dysregulation
- History of epilepsy or photosensitivity
- Visual or hearing impairment preventing VR use
- Acute illness requiring urgent intervention
- Body temperature ≥ 38.0°C at presentation
- Previous exposure to VR or 360° clinic simulations
- Concomitant sedative medication use
- Refusal of participation by parent or child