Overview
to investigate the postoperative analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine addition with different doses as an adjuvant to bupivacaine to Erector spinae plane block after renal surgeries.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age between 18 and 70 years.
- Both sexes, males and females.
- Patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I/II.
- Body mass index (BMI) of 18-35 kg/m2
- Patients scheduled for elective Renal or Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients under 18 years.
- Patient refusal of nerve block.
- Infection at the site of injection.
- Coagulopathy.
- Allergy to used medications.
- Psychiatric disorder or chronic pain syndromes.
- Chronic opioid use or substance abuse.
- Quadriplegic patients.