Overview

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with main trunk portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) has poor prognosis. The main lethiferous factor is the upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage by PVTT-related portal hypertension, then the second is the tumor-caused death. It is vital to prevent the portal hypertension by PVTT.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. diagnosis of primary HCC, confirmed histologically or clinically according to the criteria of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases;
2. presence of PVTT with III-IV grade by Cheng's criteria;
3. having PVTT induced portal hypertension;
4. with or without PVTT induced acute variceal bleeding;
5. metastases with limited five sites and no more two organs involved;
6. Number of Intrahepatic tumors were no more than five;
7. receipt of Lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor as the first-line systemic therapy;
8. classified as Child-Pugh class A or B and having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 2;
9. no history of other malignancies;
10. agreed to participated in this clinical trial;
11. Hemameba ≥3.0 x109/L, neutrophil ≥1.5x109/L, hemoglobin≥10.0 g/L, platelet≥100x 109/L, ALT; AST; bilirubin ≤1.5-fold normal, GFR≥60ml/min.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. recurrent HCC;
2. PVTT at I-II grade by Cheng's criteria;
3. age < 18 years or > 75 years;
4. advanced HCC with more than five metastases;
5. Number of Intrahepatic tumors were more than five;
6. no response to Lenvatinib;
7. life expectancy less than 3 months.