Overview
The investigators aim to develop sensory transformation and augmentation technologies that minimize the impact of proprioceptive errors, thereby significantly enhancing motor learning and rehabilitation of the upper limbs. This study is designed to test proprioceptive error compensation techniques in stroke patients.
The human nervous system often receives mismatched information from vision and proprioception during upper limb control, resulting in conflicting sensory inputs that limit the effectiveness of motor learning. In other words, real-time sensory feedback - a critical component of motor learning in the nervous system - is not reliably delivered. Therefore, this study seeks to resolve sensory conflicts by providing additional sensory information through electrical stimulation, with the goal of dramatically improving the effectiveness of motor learning.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosed with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
- Stroke confirmed by CT or MRI
- Stroke patients with proprioceptive sensory deficits
- Chronic stroke patients with onset at least 3 months prior
- Able to voluntarily flex and extend the elbow joint
- Age 19 years or older
- Provide written informed consent (participant or legal representative)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Severe pain during elbow joint movement
- Elbow joint contracture, spasticity, ataxia, musculoskeletal disorders, fractures, - non-healing ulcers, or open wounds
- Progressive or unstable stroke
- Presence of unilateral neglect
- Coexisting severe neurological disorders
- Major psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or dementia Presence of a pacemaker