Overview

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a rehabilitative pathway based on dual-task exercise improves balance in patients with Parkinson's disease, compared to a traditional rehabilitation program. It will also investigate the reduction of fall risk, and improvement in autonomy and quality of life.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Does dual-task exercise improve balance more effectively than traditional rehabilitation in Parkinson's patients?
• Does dual-task exercise reduce the risk of falls?
• Does dual-task exercise improve patient autonomy in daily activities?
• Does dual-task exercise enhance the overall quality of life for Parkinson's patients? Researchers will compare a dual-task exercise program to a standard rehabilitation program. Both groups will receive 20 sessions, 2-3 times a week for two months, each lasting 45 minutes. The study will be double-blinded, meaning neither participants nor researchers involved in treatment administration and data collection will know group assignments. Randomization will be done using dedicated software to ensure unbiased group distribution.

Participants will:

• Have a confirmed diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (Movement Disorder Society criteria).
• Be in an early to moderate stage of the disease (Hoehn and Yahr score < 3).
• Be over 30 years old.
• Be able to provide informed consent.
• Have a stable medication regimen for at least three months.

Exclusions include:

• Hoehn and Yahr score ≥3.
• Severe cognitive or psychiatric disorders (e.g., dementia).
• Use of interfering medications or treatments.
• Participation in other clinical trials.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Need for medication changes during rehabilitation. Evaluations will be conducted at baseline (T=0), after rehabilitation (T=1), and at a two-month follow-up (T=2). Assessments will include the Tinetti Balance and Gait scales, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, VAS pain scale, TAMPA Scale for Kinesiophobia, Global Perceived Effect (GPE), Barthel Index, EuroQoL-5D-5L, and ABC Scale. UPDRS, Hoehn and Yahr scale, and MOCA Scale will be administered only at baseline (T=0).

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Confirmed diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease (Movement Disorder Society criteria).
• Early to moderate stage of the disease (Hoehn and Yahr score < 3).
• Age over 30 years.
• Ability to provide informed consent.
• Stable pharmacological therapy for at least 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Hoehn and Yahr score ≥ 3.
• Severe cognitive or psychiatric disorders (e.g., dementia).
• Use of interfering medications or treatments.
• Participation in another clinical trial.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Need for changes in pharmacological therapy during the rehabilitation period.