Overview
this study aims to compare the efficacy of pre-emptive nebulized ketamine versus nebulized dexmedetomidine for post operative pain relief in endoscopic nasal surgery
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- patients between the ages of 20 and 60,
- both sexes,
- American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to II
- BMI ≥18≤30 kg/m²
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patient refusal.
- patients with advanced respiratory, renal, hepatic, neurological, or psychiatric disease, pregnant or nursing women.
- patients with a history of allergies to any study drugs.
- patients who had used central nervous system depressants or analgesics within the previous 24 hours.
- patients with hypertension, hypotension, or bradycardia.