Description

This prospective, observational, single-center pilot study evaluates the usability and preference of a novel video-based pain expression method compared to the standard Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in postoperative adult patients. Videos representing 5 different pain intensities (NRS 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10) were created using AI-assisted scenario generation and VEO-3 video production tools. Each video features age- and sex-matched models (male and female in three age categories: 18-44, 45-65, >65 years) demonstrating realistic, simulated pain expressions.

In the recovery unit, patients aged 18 and above will be shown the video series and asked to:

Select the video that best reflects their current pain

Report their pain using the NRS

Indicate which method (video or NRS) they prefer for expressing pain

Indicate which method they found easier to understand

Collected data will include demographic variables, surgical details, comorbidities, and responses to the pain assessment tools. The study will enroll at least 82 participants based on power analysis.

Data will be anonymized and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including Chi-square, Spearman correlation, and p<0.05 significance level.

The planned sample size was amended prior to the enrollment of the first patient, increasing from 120 to 240 participants. This adjustment was made to ensure sufficient statistical power for planned subgroup analyses.