Description

Post-stroke imbalance and walking impairment is a function of diminished sensorimotor integration, motor, and postural control. It impacts over 75% of stroke survivors, and remain a rising cause of falls, fractures, and death in the United States. The associated fear of falling often leads to a downward spiral of health, characterized by reduced walking performance, caregiver dependency, social isolation, and the development of secondary post-stroke medical complications. Although spontaneous biological recovery and intensive clinical rehabilitation may improve balance and walking ability, the extent of recovery is often limited after the first 6-months of stroke (chronic phase). Furthermore, currently available clinical measures such as the Berg Balance Scale and Timed-Up-and-Go lack the specificity and granularity needed to foster the development of individualized and targeted neurorehabilitation interventions. In addition, non-invasive neurostimulation strategies lack specificity due to limited understanding of the most appropriate neuroanatomical targets for optimizing sensorimotor integration. Hence there is an urgent need to identify reliable physiologic and neuroanatomic correlates in the earlier stages of recovery (<6 months), to enable timely and targeted rehabilitation interventions.