Overview

This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I clinical trial featuring single and multiple ascending doses. It is designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), immunogenicity, and preliminary efficacy of CC312 in adult patients with moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Fully understand the trial's purpose, nature, methodology, and potential adverse reactions, voluntarily participate as a subject, and sign the informed consent form.
• Aged 18 to 65 years (inclusive, based on the date of signing the informed consent form), regardless of gender.
• Diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) according to the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria.
• SLEDAI-2000 score ≥7 with at least one BILAG A or two BILAG B domains, despite standard therapy.
• Meet at least one of the following criteria: positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) ≥1:80 at screening, positive anti-dsDNA antibody at screening, or positive anti-Sm antibody at screening.
• Have had an inadequate response to at least two standard therapies (e.g., corticosteroids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants, biologics) prior to screening, including at least one immunosuppressant and/or biologic. Prior to the first dose, subjects must have been on a stable dose of corticosteroids (e.g., ≤40 mg/day prednisone or equivalent at screening and during the screening period; if used alone, ≥7.5 mg/day prednisone or equivalent) and/or antimalarials and/or immunosuppressants for at least 12 weeks, with doses stable for ≥30 days.
• Females of childbearing potential must agree to use highly effective contraception from screening until 6 months after the last dose and refrain from oocyte collection or donation during this period. Their male partners of childbearing potential must also use effective contraception.
• Males of childbearing potential must agree to use highly effective contraception from screening until 6 months after the last dose, with no plans for fertility or sperm donation. Their female partners of childbearing potential must also use effective contraception during this period.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe lupus nephritis within 8 weeks prior to screening (defined as urinary protein >6 g/24 h, or serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dL or 221 μmol/L, or requiring prohibited medications for active nephritis per protocol, or needing hemodialysis, or receiving prednisone ≥100 mg/d or equivalent glucocorticoids for ≥14 days).
• Central nervous system disorders (including but not limited to epilepsy, psychosis, interstitial encephalopathy syndrome, cerebrovascular accident, encephalitis, CNS vasculitis) within 8 weeks prior to screening, whether SLE-related or not.
• History of major organ transplantation (e.g., heart, lung, kidney, liver) or hematopoietic stem cell/bone marrow transplantation.
• Other concurrent autoimmune diseases requiring systemic therapy, except for Sjögren's syndrome.
• IgA deficiency (serum IgA level <10 mg/dL).
• Abnormal laboratory findings at screening:

Liver function: AST/ALT or total bilirubin >2× upper limit of normal (ULN); Hematology: hemoglobin <85 g/L, WBC <2.5×10⁹/L, neutrophil count <1.0×10⁹/L, platelet count <50×10⁹/L; Renal function: eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²;

• Participation in any other clinical trial (including cell or gene therapy) within 4 weeks prior to screening or within 5 half-lives of the investigational product (whichever is longer).
• Received CAR-T therapy within 6 months prior to screening.
• Treatment with B-cell-depleting agents (e.g., rituximab, or therapies targeting CD19/CD20/BAFF) within 6 months prior to screening, unless B-cell levels have returned to pre-treatment or normal ranges.
• Received non-standard anti-SLE therapies (e.g., Saphnelo) within 3 months or 5 half-lives of the drug (whichever is longer) prior to screening.
• Received live/attenuated vaccination within 4 weeks prior to screening or plans to receive such during the trial.
• Active infection within 14 days prior to screening (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, or other).
• History of Grade 3-4 allergic reaction (per CTCAE v5.0) to another monoclonal antibody, or known hypersensitivity to any component of CC312 (including recombinant proteins, polysorbate 80, etc.). Patients with transient (≤24 h) Grade ≤3 reactions may be included after discussion with the investigator.
• Evidence of drug abuse, substance abuse, or alcohol addiction.
• Major surgery within 4 weeks or minor surgery within 2 weeks prior to screening; wounds must be fully healed (procedures like catheter placement are excluded).
• History of cardiovascular events within 6 months prior to screening: NYHA Class III/IV heart failure, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, uncontrolled/symptomatic atrial arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, or other clinically significant cardiac conditions.
• Any other severe underlying disease (e.g., active gastric ulcer, uncontrolled seizures, cerebrovascular events, GI bleeding, severe coagulation disorders), psychiatric disorder, or social circumstances that may interfere with trial conduct, compliance, or pose high risk per investigator's judgment.
• Concurrent malignancy diagnosed within <5 years prior to screening.
• Grade ≥2 bleeding within 30 days prior to screening, or requiring long-term anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, LMWH, factor Xa inhibitors).
• Pregnant or lactating women.
• Positive screening for: tuberculosis (PPD skin test or TB-IGRA, unless with prior adequate anti-TB treatment and no current signs), HIV antibody, HBsAg or HBcAb, HCV antibody, or TP antibody.
• Any other condition deemed ineligible by the investigator.