Overview
The goal of this MONAS Study is to learn about comprehensive monitoring and nutritional intervention among pregnant women in order to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Are comprehensive monitoring and nutritional intervention among pregnant women can improve maternal outcomes (maternal death, preterm labour, preeclampsia, intrauterine infection, and bleeding during pregnancy and delivery) compared to standard maternal health services?
- Are comprehensive monitoring and nutritional intervention among pregnant women can improve neonatal outcomes (neonatal death, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal asphyxia) compared to standard maternal health services?
Participants in the intervention group will receive:
- Fetomaternal ultrasound examination each trimester
- Complete laboratory examination for nutritional panel (complete blood count with reticulocyte profile and iron profile, vitamin D level, zinc level, fatty acid profile, electrophoresis for Thalassemia) as an addition to standard maternal routine laboratory examination
- Supplements: multivitamin, minerals, vitamin D, fatty acid
- Intervention regarding any abnormal results of nutritional panel
- All standard maternal health services according to Indonesian Ministry of Health protocol
Participants in the control group will receive:
- All standard maternal health services according to Indonesian Ministry of Health protocol
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy in 1st trimester
- Gestational age less than 10 weeks
- Living in Jakarta greater area
- Agree to participate
Exclusion Criteria:
- Assisted reproductive technology (IVF)
- History of polycystic ovary syndrome
- History of chronic hypertension
- History of diabetes mellitus
- History of preeclampsia in the previous pregnancy
- Had chronic disease: heart disease, autoimmune disease, malignancy, chronic lung disease
- Planning to have delivery outside Jakarta greater area
- Poor obstetric history (miscarriage/ abortion more than 3 times)