Overview

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for injection (hMSC100) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who are at high risk of fracture.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

All of the following criteria must be met for inclusion:

1. Willingness to participate in the clinical trial and signing of informed consent;
2. Female, age between 45 (inclusive) and 85 (inclusive) years, with primary menopause for ≥2 years;
3. Body weight ≥40 kg, and body mass index (BMI) between 18 kg/m² (inclusive) and 30 kg/m² (inclusive);
4. Meets the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis, exhibiting at least one of the

   following

   • Sustained a fragility fracture within the past 2 years;
     • Suffered a fracture while receiving anti-osteoporosis medication;
       • History of multiple-site fractures (including vertebral, hip, proximal humerus, or distal radius, etc.);
         • Bone mineral density (BMD) T-score < -3.0 at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) or hip (total hip or femoral neck) as measured by DXA;
           • High risk of falling;
             • Calculated by FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool), a 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fracture >30% or hip fracture risk >4.5%;
               • Currently using medications known to cause skeletal harm [such as high-dose glucocorticoids (prednisolone ≥7.5 mg/day for over 3 months), etc.].

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diseases affecting bone metabolism: various metabolic bone diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta and osteomalacia; Paget's disease of bone, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia (participants must not have used calcium supplements within 24 hours before blood sampling for serum calcium screening); Cushing's syndrome, hyperprolactinemia; hypopituitarism; acromegaly, etc.; hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism; secondary menopause, etc.
2. Secondary osteoporosis and other severe conditions, such as primary bone tumors (e.g., multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma), secondary bone tumors, hematologic malignancies, or drug-induced osteoporosis.
3. Current malignancy, history of malignancy not cured for at least 5 years, or disability due to severe or long-term diseases (such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis) resulting in inability to ambulate.
4. Severe infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), uncontrolled severe hypertension, or diabetes mellitus with severe complications or unstable blood glucose; severe cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or other significant diseases.
5. Allergic constitution: known allergy to products derived from mammalian cells or to the investigational product of clinical significance.
6. Patients who have undergone major organ or bone marrow transplantation; patients who have received external radiation or skeletal implantation of radioactive materials.
7. Patients who have previously received any form of cell therapy.
8. Previous treatment with anti-osteoporosis drugs or medications affecting bone

   metabolism

   • Treatment with any PTH analog within the past 6 months (including participation in clinical trials of similar products);
     • Treatment with any RANKL inhibitor (such as denosumab) within the past year;
       • Cumulative use of oral bisphosphonates for ≥3 years; or cumulative use >3 months but <3 years with the last dose administered within 6 months before screening, or intravenous bisphosphonate use within 24 months before screening.

9. DXA measurement: ① Fewer than two lumbar vertebrae were measurable by DXA; ② Height,

   weight, or body size may impede accurate DXA measurement.

10. HBV-DNA ≥1,000 copies (cps)/mL or above the upper limit of normal; hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive and HCV RNA copies above the upper limit of normal; positive syphilis antibody, or HIV antibody.
11. Malabsorption syndromes, such as Crohn's disease and chronic pancreatitis. Known impaired absorption of calcium or vitamin D.
12. History of neurological or psychiatric disorders.
13. Current uncontrolled thyroid disease, hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism; thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level below normal range; TSH elevated (>5.5 μIU/mL but ≤10.0 μIU/mL) and serum T4 outside the normal range; TSH >10.0 μIU/mL.
14. Known severe hepatic insufficiency (AST or ALT ≥2×ULN, ALP or total bilirubin ≥1.5×ULN), liver cirrhosis, unstable liver disease, or known clinically significant biliary anomalies as judged by the investigator (excluding Gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones); known moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²).
15. Evidence of alcohol abuse or drug abuse within 12 months before screening, as determined by the investigator, may interfere with the understanding or completion of the study by the participant.
16. Participation in another clinical trial within 6 months before screening.
17. Other conditions deemed by the investigator as unsuitable for participation.