Overview

1. To evaluate the clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided thermal ablation and thyroid surgery for the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma;
2. To develop and validate a artificial intelligence model to predict the outcomes of ultrasound-guided thermal ablation in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma;

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. patients age between 18 and 80 year old, both sex
2. papillary thyroid carcinoma confirmed by core-needle biopsy or fine-needle aspiration
3. the largest diameter ≤2.0 cm
4. no clinical or imaging evidences of extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis on ultrasound, nech and chest CT
5. follow-up period ≥12 months,

Exclusion Criteria:

1. patients with convincing evidence of aggressive papillary thyroid carcinoma or other type of thyroid cancer by biopsy
2. history of neck radiation
3. history of thyroid surgery
4. coagulation disorder
5. serious heart, respiratory, liver, or renal failure
6. dysfunction of the vocal cord on the opposite side