Description

Cesarean section is life-saving for the mother and baby when necessary, but it can increase maternal mortality and morbidity rates when compared to vaginal birth. Cesarean section rates are increasing by 4% each year in the world. FIGO which took place in Brazil in 2018, reported that cesarean section rates doubled between 2000 and 2015, revealing a serious problem globally . When cesarean section rates were compared between 2000 and 2015, it was determined that they increased from 19.6% to 26.9% in Western Europe, from 32.3% to 44.3% in Latin America, and from 7.2% to 18.1% in South Asia. The cesarean section rate in Turkey was 21.2% in 2003, 36.7% in 2008, and increased to 48.5% in 2013. The significant increase in the number of cesarean sections performed each year worldwide has made postoperative care even more important. As in all abdominal surgeries, delayed gas release, delayed return of bowel movements, delayed resumption of oral intake, wound healing, urinary retention, atalactasia, bleeding, adhesion, hematoma, thrombophlebitis, venous and pulmonary embolism, coagulopathies, and anesthesia-related problems are observed after cesarean surgery. In addition, problems such as failure to participate in baby care and delay in starting breastfeeding are also encountered. Early mobilization is very valuable to prevent these complications, and studies argue that early mobilization can prevent negative outcomes related to many systems in the body. In the ERAS guideline created specifically for patients undergoing cesarean section, although it is stated that there are no randomized controlled trials with strong methodology regarding early mobilization, it is recommended that patients after cesarean section should also be mobilized early (Very low-level evidence, weak recommendation). Although early mobilization is considered an important element of postoperative care, it is not yet fully known how to best implement it in clinical practice. Because there are limited scientific studies in the literature supporting the superiority of any mobilization program over another. The independent positive contributions of early mobilization to postoperative patient outcomes are accepted, the importance of timing is emphasized, but there is not yet sufficient evidence regarding the effect of frequency and duration on patient outcomes, there is a need for scientific studies emphasizing the importance of an early mobilization plan structured with daily written goals starting from the day of surgery, including getting out of bed and walking distances. In preoperative patient education, determining postoperative step goals and using a pedometer to achieve these goals and/or keeping a mobilization diary are stated as other practices that can increase patients' compliance with postoperative mobilization programs. The participation of nurses, who are involved in all processes of surgery, in the patient education phase is also very important and nurses should be the most competent team members in the implementation of standardized early mobilization protocols. Therefore, nurses should focus on developing and implementing protocols that aim to minimize the dependency of hospitalized patients on nurses, encourage mobilization, and prevent a decrease in functionality. Thus, nurses will be able to assume more roles and responsibilities in ensuring early mobilization. No study has been found in the literature in which a targeted mobilization program was implemented in cesarean surgery. In this context, the study is planned to evaluate the effect of early mobilization education given to patients undergoing cesarean section in the preoperative period and the targeted mobilization program applied after surgery on preventing gastrointestinal complications that may develop after surgery and participating in breastfeeding and baby care.