Overview
The study investigates the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor cortex excitability, balance, and motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease. Additionally, it further examines the effects of single-session low-frequency and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor cortex excitability.
Description
The study investigates the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor cortex excitability, balance, and motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease. Additionally, it further examines the effects of single-session low-frequency and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor cortex excitability.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients with primary Parkinson's disease
- Age: 40-85 years
- Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y scale) : I-III
- Appropriate prescribed medication, and regular intake for more than 2 weeks
- Can walk more than 10m with or without the use of assistive devices
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any other neurological presentation (Excluding PD)
- Any neurological surgery that would affect participation in this experiment
- Orthopedic pathology and Cardiovascular issues
- MMSE≦24
- Exercise used for treatment in the last three months
- Contraindications for transcranial magnetic stimulation (Presence of metal implants in the head and neck, a pacemaker in the chest, personal or family history of epilepsy, recent brain injury, currently taking antidepressant medication.)