Overview
To develop a cervical SMC VR assessment system incorporating different SMC tests and to compare cervical SMC performance using this self-developed VR assessment system in individuals with and without CNP
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- For patients with chronic neck pain:
- Pain was unilateral or bilateral between the superior nuchal line and 1st thoracic vertebra,
- Neck pain persisting for 3 months and above,
- Average pain intensity of last pain episode was between 2 and 8 based on the numerical rating scale (NRS)
- Healthy asymptomatic adults:
- Do not have any complaints of current pain and impairments of neuromusculoskeletal systems within the last 6 months
Exclusion Criteria:
- acute or the first onset of neck pain
- previous fracture or surgery of the spine
- diagnosed cardiopulmonary diseases, for example, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema
- diagnosed gastrointestinal and abdominal conditions which may interfere daily activities within the past 6 months
- medical conditions that may affect balance and study procedures (e.g. neurological diseases, vestibular disorders, malignant tumors)
- metabolic diseases such as anemia and diabetes
- smoking, plan to pregnant or in pregnancy
- psychological disorders (affect questionnaire responses)
- unable to walk independently
- Corrected visual abnormalities or individuals unable to wear contact lenses for vision correction due to the potential interference of wearing VR head-mounted display with glasses