Description

Climacteric is a time of great transition for all women physically, mentally, and emotionally . This transition involves a host of physical, endocrine, and psychological changes that are influenced by ethnic, psychological, and sociocultural factors . Each woman's experience of the menopausal transition is unique; therefore, a one-size-fits-all approach to symptom management is not sufficient .

Menopause is a retrospective diagnosis and is said to occur when menstrual activity has ceased for at least 12 consecutive months with no other physiologic or pathologic explanation for it . It marks the end of reproductive life and ovarian follicular activity by the onset of an estrogen deficiency that triggers various symptoms .

The main symptoms aggregated according to the Menopause Rating Score MRS include somatic symptoms [vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes and night sweats), sleeping difficulties, fatigue, palpitations, joint pain, worsening muscle ability and function, skin/eye dryness, and skin and hair changes], psychological [mental confusion, mood swings, increased anxiety, irritability], and urogenital [genitourinary syndrome symptoms (vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, irritation, itching, sexual dysfunction), bladder symptoms (altered frequency, level of urgency and incontinence).

Focusing on the musculature and ligaments, we must also think about the tissues of the pelvic floor muscle (PFM), which are affected by the drop in estrogen levels, due to the existence of estrogen receptors in ligaments, musculature and pelvic support structures. The pelvic floor as a whole has an important role in supporting the organs of the pelvic cavity and is involved in the closing and opening mechanisms of the urethral, vaginal and anal tract . Taking this into account, what can be worked on voluntarily is the musculature.

This estrogenic variation is also responsible for the onset of cardiovascular disease during the menopausal period, which is characterized by variations in the lipid profile and the predominant accumulation of abdominal fat.

Treatments to treat menopausal symptoms include hormonal preparations, non-hormonal medications and non-pharmacological therapies. The latter two, non-pharmacological and non-hormonal therapies are generally the least studied.

On genitourinary and urinary syndrome symptoms, the musculature has a fundamental role, and working on it will produce improvements in these factors. By training the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) there is a greater blood supply, which this will lead to a relaxation of the tissues and an increase in elasticity that will help in the genitourinary syndrome; and on the other hand, its training, increasing strength, will improve the control and efficacy of the closing and opening of the urethral, vaginal and anal tracts .

On the other hand, physical activity will help in weight loss and improve body composition parameters .

It should be noted that the information provided to women influences the understanding and how menopause and its symptoms are faced, being relevant to provide knowledge and education by the general practitioner or a qualified health personnel.

Therefore, this study seeks to expand the information on non-pharmacological and non-hormonal therapies, such as active training of the pelvic floor muscle, generic muscle training and education, due to their potential efficacy.