Overview

Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures after cesarean section in many countries worldwide, especially among women of reproductive age. Postoperative pain is typically managed with oral and parenteral narcotics. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is an effective pain management method that provides advantages such as faster pain relief, better dosage control, and elimination of the need for timer adjustments. Facilitating the recovery process and optimizing postoperative pain management are crucial components of perioperative care. To minimize systemic opioid requirements and opioid-related side effects, multimodal analgesia combining local anesthesia, peripheral, and non-opioid analgesics has become increasingly popular.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Women aged between 18 and 65 years classified as ASA 1 and ASA 2.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with allergies to the active substance, those with severe liver or renal insufficiency, a history of long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and opioid analgesic use, a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcer or inflammatory bowel disease, a history of diabetes or other neuropathic conditions, preoperative atrioventricular block and bradycardia, underlying serious respiratory diseases, a history of psychiatric disorders, patients classified as ASA stage 3 or higher, patients weighing less than 40 kg, patients unable to use the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device, and patients who need to discontinue the study medication during surgery for any reason will be excluded from the study