Overview
Reduced hormone insulin-like 3, exclusively secreted by Leydig cells, has been identified as the recognized mechanism for cryptorchidism. Testicular macrophages residing in the testicular interstitium were thought to play a vital role in maintaining hormone secretion of Leydig cells. However, the contribution of macrophages to cryptorchidism remained poorly understood. Here, after 14 days of ketoconazole treatment, levels of both Trem2 and insulin-like 3 significantly decrease in human embryonic testes compared to the untreated control group. Conversely, 14 days of luteinizing hormone stimulation lead to elevated levels of Trem2 and insulin-like 3 in the testes compared to the untreated control group. Additionally, researchers find a positive correlation between Trem2 and insulin-like 3 expression in a human ex vivo tissue culture model. In summary, the study will propose Trem2 as a novel target for maintaining normal testicular descent by regulating the testicular immune microenvironment.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
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- Termination of pregnancy is not related to the health of the fetus.
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2. The fetus is intact in development and free of malformations and abnormalities.
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3. Estimation of gestational age based on parietal-rump length must be between 8
and 13 weeks of gestation.
Exclusion Criteria:
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- The termination of pregnancy is related to the health of the fetus
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2. The fetus is not intact in development.
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3. The fetus has malformations, abnormalities
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4. Estimation of gestational age based on parietal-rump length must not be within
8-13 weeks of gestation.