Overview

With the development of endoscopy, more and more patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) receive endoscopic resection rather than traditional surgery. However, there is still no complete consensus on the risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) and recurrence of ESCC after endoscopic resection. The existing curative resection criteria are strict to a certain extent, and a considerable number of patients are overtreated according to the current standard of additional treatment. Thus, we aim to conduct a multi-center retrospective and prospective study to construct a large cohort of ESCC based on the previously established multi-center collaborative research network and clinical big data, analyze the risk factors of LNM and recurrence in patients with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after ESD, establish an accurate and simple risk prediction model, and evaluate the discrimination efficiency of this model.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Men and women, aged 18-85.
2. ESD was performed for early (superficial) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and the indication was in line with domestic and foreign guidelines.
3. The pathological stage after ESD was pT1a/pT1b.
4. The effective follow-up time after ESD was ≥3 years, or recurrence or LNM occurred during the follow-up period.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Esophageal chemoradiotherapy or esophageal surgery were performed before ESD.
2. There is a history of carcinoma, early carcinoma, adenoma and other benign and malignant tumors of stomach and duodenum.
3. Pathological data after ESD were incomplete.
4. Combined with malignant tumors of other organs.
5. Fragmented endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), multi-loop mucosal resection (MBM) and other endoscopic non-monolithic resection techniques were used.
6. New squamous cell carcinoma in other parts of esophagus during follow-up (metachronous carcinoma).