Overview
The scapula functions as a bridge connecting the upper extremity and the trunk. It contributes to more efficient and functional upper extremity movements. Scapular dyskinesis, defined as a deviation from the resting position and movements of the scapula, can reduce shoulder proprioception, scapular muscle endurance, and upper extremity function. The aim is to compare the long-term effects of exercises performed using the ShoulderSphere and the Bodyblade, which provide oscillatory stimulation and vibration, enhancing neuromuscular control that improves these factors. Forty-five volunteers with asymptomatic scapular dyskinesis will be randomized into three groups. The control group will receive resistive scapular muscle exercises. The ShoulderSphere group will receive exercises performed using the ShoulderSphere in addition to the control group. The Bodyblade group will receive exercises performed using the Bodyblade in addition to the control group. Pre- and post-treatment proprioception, muscle endurance, and upper extremity function will be assessed, and the groups will be compared. The study results will analyze which method is more effective in the rehabilitation program of individuals with asymptomatic scapular dyskinesis and determine its inclusion in the rehabilitation program.
Description
The scapula functions as a critical biomechanical and neuromuscular bridge between the upper extremity and the trunk, playing a key role in shoulder stability and movement efficiency. Proper scapular motion and positioning are essential for optimal upper limb function. Scapular dyskinesis, defined as an alteration in the resting position or dynamic movement of the scapula, is associated with impaired proprioception, decreased endurance of scapular stabilizer muscles, and reduced functional capacity of the upper extremity. Even in asymptomatic individuals, scapular dyskinesis may predispose to future shoulder pathologies if left unaddressed.
In recent years, rehabilitation strategies have increasingly focused on enhancing neuromuscular control and sensorimotor integration through tools that provide oscillatory and vibratory stimuli. Two such tools-ShoulderSphere and Bodyblade-have gained attention for their ability to activate deep stabilizing musculature and improve dynamic scapular control. These devices generate multidirectional resistance and stimulate rapid afferent feedback mechanisms, promoting more efficient and coordinated muscle responses.
In this study, investigating the long-term effects of ShoulderSphere and Bodyblade training in individuals with asymptomatic scapular dyskinesis may provide valuable insight into their therapeutic potential. The study will involve 45 volunteers who will be randomly assigned to three groups. The control group will perform traditional resistive exercises targeting scapular stabilizers. The ShoulderSphere group will receive the same exercise program with the addition of ShoulderSphere-based training. Similarly, the Bodyblade group will perform the standard exercises along with Bodyblade training. Through this comparison, the study aims to determine which intervention offers greater benefits in improving scapular control, proprioception, and upper extremity function over time.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Having scapular dyskinesia
- No shoulder or neck pain
Exclusion Criteria:
- Positive Neer, Jobe, or Hawkins tests
- Shoulder instability
- Painful arch during arm elevation
- Painful passive or resisted shoulder external rotation at 90° shoulder abduction
- History of shoulder fracture or surgery
- Presence of shoulder pain in the last 6 months
- Presence of cognitive or neurological impairment