Overview

Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly with complex anatomy that influences surgical outcomes. Despite numerous surgical techniques, a lack of standardized preoperative assessment protocols and consensus on anatomical risk factors limits prediction of complications. This study aims to systematically evaluate key anatomical features identified in previous meta-analyses-such as urethral plate width and length, glans size, chordee severity, meatal position, and others-in a large, prospective multicenter cohort. The ultimate goal is to develop and validate an objective nomogram predicting the risk of postoperative complications, enabling individualized surgical planning and improved patient counseling.

Eligibility

• Inclusion Criteria:

Male patients aged 1 to 12 years

Diagnosed with hypospadias (distal, midpenile, proximal)

Undergoing primary surgical repair

Parent/legal guardian consent obtained

• Exclusion Criteria:

Prior hypospadias or penile surgery (revision cases)

Major associated genital anomalies (e.g., ambiguous genitalia, severe DSD)

Refusal of consent or inability to complete follow-up