Description

Patients inclusion criteria: 1)Patients with VF visited the Department of Ophthalmology, the third affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University between December 2023 and April 2025; 2) Endogenously derived subjective floaters confirmed by comprehensive ophthalmic examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and so on; 3) Willing to participate in the multimedia health education program and complete validated questionnaires, with written informed consent obtained.

exclusion criteria:

1)Secondary VF requiring surgical intervention (e.g., vitreous hemorrhage, retinal breaks, or uveitis); 2) Coexisting ocular pathologies potentially confounding visual symptoms or vitreoretinal anatomy (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusion, epiretinal membrane, or vitreomacular traction syndrome); 3) History of vitreoretinal surgery (PPV or laser procedures); 4) Refusal or inability to complete study protocols.

Intervention

Multimedia health education was designed as an intervention. This intervention was administered by a single vitreoretinal specialist with over a decade of clinical experience. This standardized protocol comprised a 30-minute didactic session utilizing power point presentations (PPT), systematically covering: 1) Etiopathogenesis: molecular mechanisms of vitreous syneresis and collagen aggregation; 2) Symptomatology: characteristic visual phenomena and differential diagnosis; 3) Therapeutic modalities: evidence hierarchy from observation to vitrectomy (including Nd:YAG laser efficacy controversies); 4) Follow-up necessity: red flag symptoms warranting urgent re-evaluation (sudden floaters with photopsia). Multimedia presentation was made through pictures, texts, sounds, and videos. The simple and easy-to-understand language were used to make population easy to accept.

All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluations comprising best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscopy with anterior segment analysis, dilated fundus examination incorporating scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to exclude vitreoretinal interface pathologies such as epiretinal membranes, macular holes and so on. Demographic and clinical baseline characteristics were systematically recorded, including gender, age, educational attainment, sympotom duration, presence or absence of photopsia, time of using electronic products daily, comorbidities, shape of floaters, diopter, psychometric and visual-related quality of life (VRQoL) assessments using National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). To minimize intervention selection bias, a pragmatic temporal allocation protocol was implemented: Patients attending the clinic during odd-numbered calendar weeks were prospectively allocated to the multimedia health education group whereas those presenting during even-numbered weeks comprised the routine verbal group.

At the 3-month follow-up, both groups completed validated the VFQ-25 and STAI-state questionnaires via phone or wechat.