Overview
This research study investigates the feasibility and acceptability of a group-based treatment program for reducing stress, trauma, substance use, and use of violence among individuals who were court-mandated to attend a program after committing an act(s) of domestic violence.
Description
Our program is adapted from the original PARTS (Program For Alleviating and Reducing Trauma and Stress). And will include unique and specific elements for People who Use Violence (PUV) in intimate relationships. PARTS-IPV is structured in three phases. Phase I is 4-weeks of 120 minutes of weekly group-based sessions. This phase introduces the model and creates a "brave container" to address any ambivalence towards the program. Phase II lasts 8-weeks, maintaining the 120 minutes of weekly group-based sessions. This second phase focuses on "unblending" through working with Parts and connecting with Self. The final phase, Phase III runs 8 weeks and consists of weekly 120-minute group sessions focused "unburdening". Throughout the intervention, individual sessions will be help with an IFS-trained clinician at a frequency of around once a month for a total of 6 individual sessions. These sessions will focus on enhancing group participation, providing space for trauma counseling and unburdening, addressing negative beliefs or concerns that may arise about group, and providing insights into person reasons for the use of violence in intimate relationships. Participants may have up to 3 additional sessions to make up any missed group sessions.
This project is an important and timely pilot study. Previous reviews of interventions suggest there is a gap in effective interventions to treat IPV for those with trauma backgrounds (Cheng et al., 2021; Travers et al. 2021). PARTS1, PARTS2 and PARTS SUD have all demonstrated effective reductions in PTSD symptoms and enhanced emotion regulation and self-related processing (Comeau et al. 2024; Ally et al., submitted; Schuman-Olivier et al., in progress). The protocol's methodology follows previous intimate partner violence studies, incorporating verbal consent and partner inclusion, while employing rigorously implemented informed consent procedures and gold-standard measures to enhance the likelihood of success and publication. By incorporating the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation (DERS) and a WHO-5 for quality of life, we aim to address gaps in understanding the comprehensive factors contributing to intimate partner violence.
Primary Aim
The primary aim of this protocol is feasibility of a live-online version of the PARTS program. Feasibility is defined in two ways: intervention-based feasibility: 70% of participants completing at least 67% (e.g., 8/12) of the first 12 groups, study-protocol feasibility as 67% or more of participants completing week-20 study assessments (H1.1).
Secondary Aims The secondary aims are to examine the overall acceptability of the intervention as measured by the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) (Larsen et al., 1979) with a mean score of at least 20 out of a total of 32 (H2.1), and intervention satisfaction as measured by a satisfaction question (would you recommend a friend) obtaining at least a mean of 7 out of 10 (H2.2).
A third secondary aim of the study is to investigate the potential effects of the intervention on the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) (Straus et al., 1996; Chapman & Gillespie, 2019). We hypothesize a risk reduction in physical and psychological violence, with an a priori expectation of obtaining a small to moderate effect size (Cohen's d: 0.2-0.5) from self-reports (H2.3). This effect size aligns with a comparably powered study, Strength at Home, among court-mandated civilians (N=23), which reported moderate effect sizes on CTS2.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
Must be male-identifying or prefer to be in a male-identifying group; Must be a resident of Washington state; Must be court-referred to a treatment program for using violence with an intimate partner; Have sufficient English fluency and literacy skills to understand the consent process, procedures and questionnaires and have the ability to provide written informed consent; Have access to the internet and an electronic device with adequate data capacity; to complete questionnaires online and attend online video conference groups; Must be available and willing to attend 17 out of 20 scheduled online group sessions; and Must be available and willing to complete the online computerized assessments and phone interviews.
Exclusion Criteria:
Insufficiently stable housing or internet connection to be able to join at least 17 sessions; Current participation in another experimental research study; Expected medical hospitalization in the next six months from study enrollment period; Current or expected physical incarceration in the next six months from study enrollment period; Inpatient hospitalization for mental health, substance use, suicide attempt or self-harm within past three months; Inability to participate safely in the study intervention and without disrupting the group (in the opinion of principal investigator OR meeting any of the following criteria) Past year history of a psychotic disorder or clinician confirmed active psychosis assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5); Bipolar I disorder history or current severe level of mania assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5); Acute suicidality with intent will be excluded from the study (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 [SCID-5]); High levels of Psychopathy as defined by self-report psychopathy checklist (SRP-4); Self-injurious behavior in past three months will require clinical assessment prior to participation in the program; Acute homicidality with plan and/or intent; Severe personality disorder with clinical history that would suggest potential disruptions within the group as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5); and/or Inability to join a group without intoxication.